Know your plant
Identify your plant species or at least the category (succulent, foliage, flowering, tropical, etc.). Each type has unique needs for light, water, and soil. Knowing this helps prevent most common mistakes. Observe your plant’s natural environment and try to mimic it indoors as closely as possible.
Light requirements
Most indoor plants prefer bright, indirect light. Avoid harsh sunlight, which can scorch leaves, especially during midday. Rotate the plant regularly so all sides receive light evenly and it doesn’t lean. If your space lacks sunlight, use artificial grow lights—LED full-spectrum bulbs work well. Keep plants away from strong drafts, blocked windows, or dark corners.
Watering and soil
Over-watering is one of the most common causes of plant death. Always check the soil before watering. Stick a finger about one inch deep—if it feels dry, it’s time to water. Water thoroughly so it drains through the bottom, but don’t let the pot sit in standing water. Good drainage holes are essential.
Different plants have varying needs—succulents need little water, while tropicals need more frequent watering. Use soil mixes suitable for the plant type: well-draining potting mix for general houseplants, sandy mix for cacti, and moisture-retentive soil for tropical species.
Humidity and air circulation
Many indoor plants, especially tropical ones, need moderate to high humidity. If your indoor air is dry, group plants together, place a shallow tray of water and pebbles beneath them, or use a humidifier. Avoid misting too often if it leaves water on the leaves, which can lead to fungal problems. Ensure gentle airflow in the room to prevent stagnant, humid air that fosters mold or pests.
Temperature and placement
Maintain a stable temperature. Most houseplants thrive between 18–27°C. Avoid placing them near heaters, AC vents, or cold drafts. Sudden temperature fluctuations cause stress and leaf drop. Place plants where they get consistent light but are shielded from extreme conditions.
Fertilizing and nutrients
Plants rely on nutrients in the soil, but those nutrients deplete over time. During the growing season (spring and summer), feed your plants every few weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. For flowering plants, choose one with higher phosphorus; for foliage plants, a balanced 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 mix works well. Do not over-fertilize—too much fertilizer can cause salt build-up and burn roots. Reduce or stop feeding during winter when growth slows.